伊朗面对新一轮制裁

IRAN HIT BY FRESH SANCTIONS

伊朗面对新一轮制裁

Hillary Clinton, US secretary of state, turned the diplomatic tables on Iran yesterday when she announced agreement among the world's major powers on fresh sanctions against Tehran.

美国国务卿希拉里•克林顿(Hillary Clinton)昨日从外交上打了伊朗一个反击，她宣布，世界主要大国已就对伊朗实施新一轮制裁达成一致。

Her statement came only a day after Iran agreed to export most of its stockpile of low- enriched uranium to neighbouring Turkey, a move seen in Washington as a bid to derail agreement on new sanctions. Suggesting Tehran had succeeded in doing just that, China initially gave a warm welcome to the deal to send 1,200kg of low-enriched uranium to Turkey in exchange for nuclear fuel to power a civilian reactor. But Mrs Clinton told the Senate foreign relations committee the US had agreed a draft UN resolution imposing penalties on Iran with the other four permanent members of the Security Council, as well as Germany.

就在前天，伊朗同意把大部分低纯度铀库存运往邻国土耳其。在美国看来，伊朗此举是为了阻止国际社会就采取新制裁措施达成协议。从初步迹象看，伊朗似乎已经得逞——针对伊朗将把1200公斤低纯度铀运往土耳其、以换取用于运行一座民用反应堆的核燃料的交易，中国曾表示热烈欢迎。但希拉里向美国参议院外交关系委员会表示，美国已与安理会另外四个常任理事国以及德国就一项制裁伊朗的联合国决议草案达成一致。

“I am pleased to announce to this committee we have reached agreement on a strong draft with the co-operation of both Russia and China.” She added the US would proceed to circulate this draft to all 15 members of the Security Council.

“我很高兴地向委员会宣布，在俄罗斯和中国的配合下，我们已经就一项强有力的草案达成一致。”她还表示，美国将进而把决议草案提交安理会全体15个成员国。

Even before Monday's announcement of the uranium exchange deal, Washington had secured Russian backing in principle for “targeted” sanctions and Chinese agreement to discuss specific measures.

在周一伊朗宣布达成铀交换协议前，美国就已获得俄罗斯原则上同意对伊朗实施“有针对性”制裁的支持，而中国也同意讨论具体措施。

US officials argue that the agreement brokered by Brazil and Turkey is full of holes and fails to address the central problem – Iran's continued enrichment of uranium, which could produce nuclear weapons and breaches five UN resolutions. The Obama administration, however, backed a similar arrangement with Iran last year as a confidence-building measure, and never took it off the table. Once the US introduces the draft resolution, the Security Council's 10 temporary members will be able to consider the proposals. This group includes Turkey and Brazil, who said their pact with Iran removed the need for sanctions.

美国官员辩称，由巴西和土耳其斡旋促成的协议充满漏洞，解决不了核心问题，即伊朗是否会继续铀浓缩活动——伊朗可能借此生产核武器，从而违反联合国五项决议。不过，奥巴马政府去年支持过一项与伊朗的类似安排，作为建立信心的一项举措，而且从未放弃这一提议。一旦美国提交了对伊朗实施新制裁的决议草案，安理会的10个非常任理事国将能够考虑草案中的提议。巴西和土耳其是其中的两个成员国。这两个国家表示，既然他们已与伊朗达成铀交换协议，国际社会就没有制裁伊朗的必要。

The deal would require endorsement by the US, Russia and France and a subsequent accord on how it would be carried out. Mrs Clinton pointed out this would take months of further negotiation, raising the possibility that Iran will simply play for time while its nuclear programme progresses – a scenario Mrs Clinton described as “not acceptable”
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这项协议需要经过美国、俄罗斯和法国的批准，并就如何实施制定具体协议。希拉里指出，这还需要花费数月时间进行磋商，而伊朗可能不过是借此拖延时间，继续推进其核计划。希拉里表示，这种情况是“不可接受的”。

The US has been working to an informal deadline of agreeing a draft resolution among the five permanent members this month and winning the approval of the full Security Council in June. That would open the way for other measures against Iran, including unilateral steps by the US Treasury and tougher sanctions by the European Union.

美国一直在按照一个非正式期限推进制裁伊朗的工作，力争使安理会五个常任理事国在本月就一项决议草案达成一致，进而推动全体成员国在下月批准这项草案。这将为针对伊朗的其它措施打开大门，包括美国财政部的单边措施和欧盟更严厉的制裁。

Yesterday, however, Mrs Clinton did not spell out the measures included in the draft resolution, and in recent weeks, some US officials complained that China was watering down measures that would hit Iran's financial and energy sectors.

不过，昨日希拉里并没有详细说明决议草案中包含哪些措施。而近几周一些美国官员在抱怨，中国在试图削弱旨在打击伊朗金融业和能源业的措施。

译者/杨远