新概念英语第二册第29课【写作课程】

Samy讲解

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第二十九课 Taxi!

一、上期参考答案

1、摘要写作
Jasper White believes in ancient myths. Car owners always park their cars outside his gate, so he has put up “No Parking” signs but they have not paid any attention to them. Now he has put an ugly stone head over his gate. It is the head of Medusa, the Gorgon. He wants her to turn car owners to stone but she has not done so yet. (67字)

概括型版本：
Car owners continue to park outside Jasper White’s gate even after he has put up “No Parking” signs. So he puts the head of Medusa over his gate, hoping her to turn car owners to stone. (36字)
(Jasper White even turned to ancient mythological figure for help when car owners park their cars outside his gate.)

2、作文

我把句子先连接起来，供大家写作文参考。
1、 The woman was an actress. I met her last Sunday.
The woman I met last Sunday was an actress.
Last Sunday I met a woman who was an actress.

2、The book was interesting. She lent me last time.
The book she lent me last time was interesting.
(She lent me an interesting book last time.)

3、The flowers were roses. She loved roses the best.
The flowers were roses which she loved the best.

4、We went to the restaurant. The restaurant was the most expensive and the largest in the city.
We went to the restaurant that was the most expensive and the largest in the city.

5、The food wasn’t so good as its name. We ordered food in the restaurant.
The food we ordered in the restaurant wasn’t so good as its name.

二、摘要写作

1、摘要练习
分别使用快速阅读法、听写法和合并法练习写摘要。
将合并句子写的摘要贴到会员社区。自己根据课文内容，将可以合并的句子合并，去掉一些细节，篇幅争取控制在50字到60字。答案见下期。

2、继续做两句话概括的练习。
用两句概括，请大家自己做。答案见下期。

三、本课重点：作文常见错误（一）

学了这么长时间，我们有必要总结一下作文中常见的错误，并有针对性地加以改进，提高写作的效率和正确性。从这一讲开始，我打算把常见的一些错误加以整理，并一一讲解。首先我们大家一起来看看到底有哪几类常见错误。

作文中常见的错误有语法运用、词汇使用、修辞不当以及篇章结构等。语法错误可以分为两大类，一类是句子内部某些成分的错误，另一类则是整个句子或句子与句子之间关联的错误。今天我们先来看看句子内部成分的错误，最容易出错的有动词使用不当、人称和数等与谓语动词的一致关系、介词使用不当、冠词使用不当、词序不当等。由于动词本身就很复杂，而且有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类，所以，先来看看谓语动词的错误。

1、 这儿的人现在更富裕了。
People here become richer now.

2、 我的女儿在银行工作，我的儿子是个工程师。
My daughter is working for a bank, my son is an engineer.

3、 他还在唱歌，因为他不知道外面正在发生什么事情。
He was still singing because he didn’t know what happened outside.

4、 教室的黑板上写着：祝你生日快乐！
The blackboard in the classroom was read: Happy birthday to you!

5、 假如我是他父亲，我是不会这么耐心的。
If I were his father, I cannot be so patient.

第一句的问题在时态。原来的意思是现在已经比过去富裕了，也就是说一种情况已经转化成另一种情况了，应该用完成时：
People here have become richer now.
如果描述的是一种经常发生的变化情况，那么，可以使用一般现在时：
She becomes nervous every time she speaks in public.
如果陈述以往的某个事实，那么可以使用一般过去时：
He became a soldier ten years ago.

第二句中有两个错误，这两句都是描述职业是什么，应该使用一般现在时：
My daughter works for a bank, my son is an engineer.
此外，还有一个常见的错误，就是两句完整的话中间用了一个逗号连接起来，当相互之间的关系不清楚。我前面讲过，一般应该用连接词将它们按某一种关系连接起来，这两个句子显然是并列的，可以用“and”连接起来：
My daughter works for a bank, and my son is an engineer.
此外，如果前后两句使用同一谓语动词的话，句子还可以进一步简化：
My daughter is a nurse, and my son is an engineer.
可以简化为：
My daughter is a nurse, and my son an engineer.

使用进行时描述职业时，一般是在对前后工作进行比较等特殊情况下：
My daughter has been a nurse for 20 years, but now she is working at a university.

进行时常常用来进行某种比较、强调等说法，如比较不同的动作，或者强调某个动作，有强烈的动作感。而一般情况下，只要使用一般时态就可以了。作文中使用进行时过多的情况还有如下的句子：
Some students are living on campus.
They were all growing up in this town but left for university later.

时态的另一个普遍的错误是，在叙述过去事件的时候，忘记使用过去时，想到的时候又改为现在时，结果是过去时和现在时混杂在一起。

第三句倒是有动作之间的对比，但使用了一般过去时，也是需要改过来的：
He was still singing because he didn’t know what was happening outside.

第四句则是语态问题。习惯上read等词汇在某些情况下使用主动语态：
The blackboard read:
也可以说：
His letter reads as follows: …
My pen writes smoothly.
Your clothes wash easily.
Our fish is cooking.
又比如说“商店今天不开门”应该是:The store does not open today. “门很容易开”：The door opens easily.

第五句是个虚拟句，主句的谓语应该改为：
could not be或would not be

虚拟语气的英文说法是subjunctive mood, 就是主观的语气，实际上就是表示一种主观的愿望、假想或建议，基本上是不可能发生的事情，所以，形式上采用大多采用动词的过去式或助动词采用过去式来表示。关于这个问题，以后我们在课文里学到这个用法时再详细讲解。

四、作文线索

本课描写的是特殊的“出租车”—一架小型飞机的故事。虽然主人非常大胆，去过很多地方，但他还是小心地拒绝了某个客人的要求，免得“机毁人亡”。

现在请大家仔细阅读下面的短文。看看有什么问题，然后修改一下。注意修改的重点有两个，一是注意句子的基本结构，二是要删除一些不必要的内容，增加一些细节描写，能够举例说明或用一个故事说明是最好的。参考答案见下期。

I like winter!

Which season do you like? Somebody likes spring and some likes autumn. I think most person would prefer summer to winter. But I love the winter since childhood. In the winter you can view and admire the snowflake despite I have seen twice. How beautiful they are! In the winter, I can wear the clothing which is thickly. Then, I would find a sense that is warm! I like this feeling very much. But many friends like summer especially the girls, because the summer brings the different feeling to them. They can wear the skirt with any colour. I am girl, but I like winter!