新概念英语第二册第31课【课文讲解】

Kathy讲解

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Lesson 31 Success story

标题success前省略了定冠词A, 其意是指A story about his success，这里不可用successful。用successful则指 “故事讲得成功，受大家欢迎”。

1. Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.
其中was telling me是过去进行时，它主要表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。与一般过去时相比，它更强调动作的持续性。

Experience
n. 做为“经历”，是“可数”的。
做为“经验”，是不可数的。比如：
This job requires a lot of experience.

As a young man——年轻时

2．Bofore he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.
Head此处不是人或动物的“头部”，而是“首领”、“头目”的意思。
John is the head of the family.

As a boy, as在这里是介词，表示“当…时”，as a boy相当于as he was a boy。

Used to的结构我们会在本课的语法讲座中具体谈，这里只简单的陈述一下：
Used to表示过去的习惯动作或某种情况，但是现在已经停止，不再重复的动作。
I used to go to work by bike, but I go to work by bus now.过去我一直骑自行车上班，但是现在我做公交去上班。

Used to——过去常常做某事
区别：be use to (doing sth.)——习惯于做某事
I want to be used to speaking English.我想习惯于说英语。

比较：I used to exercise in the morning. 我过去常在早上锻炼。
I am use to exercising in the morning. 我习惯在早上锻炼。


3. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.
It是“形式主语”，或称为“先行主语”，代表to repair bicycles这个真正的主语。既是：
To repair bicycles was his job. 但是，不定式短语作句子的主语是不常用的，我们必须借助形式主语it作句子的主语。而不定式短语却放在表语之后。

It is hard to learn English well.
It is a pity to miss the concert.

job & work

job 是 “工种”、 “职业”，是可数名词，比如教书、行医等；有时表示 “杂活、零活”，常用复数：
Many men may lose their jobs. 好多人会失业。

Work表示要干的事情；也可表示 “上班”，是不可数名词：
Washing windows is hard work for some people. 擦洗窗户对某些人来说是艰苦的工作。
It takes a lot of work to build a house. 盖一所房子需要花费很多劳动。

比较： I’ve just found a new job. I begin work on Monday.
我刚找到一个新工作，我星期一开始上班。

4. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own.
Save做动词我们要记住两个意思：
v.救助、搭救
They saved the child from the fire.
他们把孩子从火中救了出来。
v.储蓄、积攒
He saved (money) for years to buy a car.
他积蓄多年买了一辆车。
v.省去
You can telephone and that will save you a lot of time and trouble.
你可以打电话嘛；那样会省去你好多时间和麻烦。

* save your breath 省口气吧！

For years表示“许多年”。

Of his own－of one’s own表示“属于某人自己的”，是个固定短语。
I want to have a room of my own.我想有一间属于我自己的房间。
She has a mind of her own.她颇有主见。（有自己的脑子，有自己的想法。）

5. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes.
Twenty的复数twenties表示20多岁，是一种表示近似的、非确定的数量的方法，我们常说的还有：
He is in his thirties.他三十几岁。
He is in his late thirties.他快四十了。
He is in his early forties.他四十出头。

Spare parts——零配件（我们第5课学过）

6. In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people.
In a few years－在几年之后
第九课我们学过“It would strike twelve in twenty minutes’ time.”
In我们讲过是表示“在…之后”。

Employ
v.雇用

联想：employer雇主（boss）employee雇员
interviewer 接见者、回见者 interviewee 被接见者、被采访者

看来-er结尾的总是主人，而-ee结尾的总是被管理者。

7. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.

Smile 微笑
Grin 咧嘴笑
Chuckle 抿着嘴笑

详见《单词日记---如何说笑》

The road to success——成功之路