新概念英语第二册第38课【课文讲解】

Kathy讲解

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Lesson 38 Everything except the weather

Except：除…之外。我们在第14课中的特殊难度中曾经提到过except、except for和apart from的使用区别。在句首时，我们常用except for和apart from。

1. My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England.
the Mediterranean：地中海

在14课的语法中，我们给大家介绍了和“过去完成时”连用的一些介词，比如：after，as soon as，not…until…，而我们这课的语法重点也是“过去完成时”，具体的扩展用法解释seabow会和大家做讲解。

在这个句子中，我们使用了before来和“过去完成时”连用，表达“过去的过去”概念。“he returned to England”已经是“过去”了，那么before这个“过去”的话，就是“过去的过去”了。

2. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country.

Dream of是使用dream做动词时常用的固定搭配，表示“梦想、幻想、向往”。

He has always dreamed of becoming a poem.他一直梦想着成为一名诗人。【现在社会里这种人好象已经绝迹了。呵呵！】

Settle down是个固定短语，表示“定居”、“安顿”。比如：
They settled down in Australia in 1988.他们1988年在澳大利亚定居了。

【country & countryside】
a) country用作可数名词时，表示“国家”；country用作不可数名词时，表示“城镇四周的土地”，即“乡间、乡下”，经常用于in the country的短语中：

China is a large country.
He had planned to settle down in the country.

b) 在表示“乡村，乡下”的意思时，countryside与country相同，但countryside强调景色；另外，如果没有明确的上下文，选用 countryside更稳妥：

The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful.
I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.

3. He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there.
这句话中，我们要学习一个非常重要的和“过去完成时”连用的结构“no sooner…than”。“no sooner…than”和我们以前讲过的“as soon as”是一样的，都是表示“一…就…”。还有下面我们要讲的“hardly…when”结构，都是和“过去完成时”连用的。具体的使用我们在下面和 “hardly…when”一起讲。

这句话的意思是“他刚一回到英国便买下了一幢房子住了进去。

4. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.

Complain about和complain of：
Complain about多用于对你不满意的事情“抱怨”，而complain of多用于“由于生病或是身体某一部分不适、疼痛”的抱怨。比如：
She often complains about not feeling appreciated at work.她常抱怨工作上不受赏识。
He’s been complaining of severe headaches recently.他最近一直在抱怨头疼的厉害。

For在这里为连词，意思是“因为”。它与because不同，不能用于句首。
Even though引导的是让步状语从句，表示“即使”、“虽然”。也可以写为“though”，不过even though语气要强多了。

【continual (ly) & continuous (ly)】
a) continuous 指“连续不断的”，中间没有停顿或间歇：
The river flows under this bridge continuously. 河水在这座桥下滔滔不绝地流着。
The brain needs a continuous supply of blood. 大脑需要连续不断的供血。

b) continual 表示“反复的”、“常常的”，中间有短暂的间歇，常用来修饰不好的或令人讨厌的事情：
It rained continually. 天老下雨。
Continual interruption 接二连三的打搅。

再来看看bitterly这个副词。它的形容词形式为bitter。Bitter有几个意思我们必须熟记：
a. 生气、沮丧
They are very bitter about losing the jobs.对于失去工作他们感到非常的生气。
b. 苦的
The medicine tasted bitter.那药尝起来是苦的。（废话！甜的话不就是糖了。呵呵！）
c. 令人不舒服的冷
d. 我们有bitter cold的用法。表示“令人不舒服的冷、刺骨的冷”。

课文中bitterly cold是“副词＋形容词”的用法，同样是表示“非常冷、令人不舒服的冷、刺骨的冷”的意思。

5. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock.
Get a shock：感到“惊奇、震惊”。
在阳光下生活了那么多年的Harrison对此感到惊奇。

6. He acted as if he had never lived in England before.
As if表示“象…一样”。常用来引导表示方式的状语从句。As if也可以用as though代替，意思是一样的。在用法上，as if/as though后面句子的时态有两种，一种是陈述式。一种是虚拟式（一般是在陈述式基础上将助动词变成过去式形式。）

As if/as though后面的句子如果是陈述式的话，表示从某种迹象看，所表达的事情是真实的，或是可能发生的。比如：
It looks as if it’s going to rain.看上去天好象要下雨。

As if/as though后面的句子如果是虚拟式的话，所表达的事情是不真实的或与已知事实相反的。比如：
She acted as if she were mad.（她并没有真正的疯）

由此，我们来比较这么两个句子：
He walks as if he is drunk.（表示从他的走路姿势来判断，他是醉了。）
He walks as if he were drunk.（表示他根本没有喝酒，这里只是一个假设）

所以，课文中“as if he had never lived in England before”用的就是虚拟式，所以使用了“have never lived”的过去式“had never lived”。表示Harrison其实以前是住在英国的。

7. In the end, it was more than he could bear.
In the end：到最后。
More than：…比…多；

翻译：最后，他再也忍受不住了。

8. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.

句中使用了“hardly…when”结构。这里我们结合“no sooner…than…”一起来讲：
【no sooner…than… & hardly…when…】的用法：

1) 这两个句型意思相同，都表示“一…就…”“刚…就…”，经常同过去完成时态连用：

He had no sooner returned than he bought a house.
He had Hardly returned when he bought a house.

2) 它们可以引导倒装，把助动词提到主语前：

Hardly had I started my supper when I hear a knock on the door.
No sooner Had I started my supper than I hear a knock on the door.

3) as soon as 可与一般现在时连用，而hardly…when 与 no sooner…than则通常与过去完成连用，几乎不与一般现在时连用：

As soon as he had returned, he bought a house.
As soon as he returns, he’ll buy a house.

9. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.

The dream he had had for so many years ended there.句的主语是“The dream he had had for so many years”（他多年来的幻想）句中，第一个had是助动词，第二个是实义动词。

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