新概念英语第二册第52课【语法句型】

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Lesson 52 A pretty carpet

What has happened? What has been happening?现在完成时和现在完成进行时

在第4课、第28课的语法中，我们学习了现在完成时的用法以及经常与它连用的时间副词（或短语）、介词等。现在完成进行时由have been+现在分词构成，强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行，而且动作现在有结果。到现在为止，该动作可能已不再继续进行，也可能还在继续进行，这要根据上下文来确定。句子中常含有all+表示时间的词语如all day, all morning等或for和since。一般说来，现在完成表示已完成的动作，现在完成进行时则可表示尚未完成的动作。有些动词，如learn, lie, live, rain, sit, sleep, stand, study, wait, work等本身就有持续性，现在完成时形式与现在完成进行时形式可以互换，惟一的区别是后者更强调动作的持续性！
Compare these pairs of sentences:

比较以下各对句子：

It hasn't rained for six weeks.已经6个星期没有下雨了。
It has been raining hard since yesterday and it is still raining.昨天以来一直下雨，而且现在还在下着。
He has rung me up five times since 12 o'clock.从12点以来他已经给我打了5次电话。
He has been ringing me up all morning. 整个上午他一直在给我打电话。
He has never stayed at this hotel before.他从未在这家酒店住过。
He has been staying at this hotel for the last three weeks. 过去的3个星期他一直住在这家酒店。
I have read‘Oliver Twist’five times.《雾都孤儿》我已读了5遍。
I have been reading all afternoon.整个下午我一直在看书。

What has happened? What has been happening? Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
用括号中动词的正确形式填空：

‘I______(explain)this to you several times already, ’said the teacher. ‘I hope you______(understand) it now.’Then he looked at a little boy at the back of the class.‘______ you______(listen), Jones?’he asked.‘Here is a simple Problem:“Sally_______(work) in an office for thirty－four weeks. In that time, she______(earn)￡300 a week. How much_______ she_______(earn) so far?”’

‘Please, sir,’Jones answered, ‘I can only answer your first question. I___(not listen). ’

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