新概念英语第二册第64课【语法句型】

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Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel

第3类条件句
（1）在第16课的语法中，我们学习了用第1类条件句表示将来很可能发生的事：

If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.
一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警便很快就会发现。

If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home.
If he is out, I'll call tomorrow.
You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.

在第40课的语法中，我们学习了用第2类条件句谈论想像中的情况或描写完全不可能的事：

If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!
如果你多吃点，少说点，我们两个都会吃得好的！

If I were you, I would not go to London tomorrow.
如果我是你，我明天就不去伦敦。（婉转的建议）

If you went to the exhibition, you would enjoy it.

If I were in your position, I would act differently.

（2）第3类条件句的基本结构与前两类都不一样，if从句需用过去完成时，主句用 would have/should have+过去分词形式：

第3类条件句在if从句里设想纯粹想像的事情，在主句里讲述想像的结果。它与第2类条件句有一定的相似之处。但是，第3类条件句所谈的是没有或永远不可能有的结果，因为它们指的是过去没有过的事情。它们是所谓的“假设条件句”：

If it had rained, we would have stayed at home.
要是下雨，我们就会呆在家里了。

If I had worked harder at school, I'd have gotten a better job.
要是我上学时勤奋一些，我就会有较好的工作了。（事实是现在的工作不太好）

You would have missed the train if you had not hurried.
如果你当时不赶紧的话，你就会赶不上火车的。

If you had gone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it.
如果你去过那个展览的话，你就会享受到它的乐趣的。
(比较一下：
If you go to the exhibition, you will enjoy it.
If you went to the exhibition, you would enjoy it.)

If I had been in your position, I would have acted differently.
如果我当时处在你的位置上，我会采用不同的作法的。

If you could have made him change his mind, you would have saved him a lot of trouble.
如果你当时能使他改变想法，你就会使他免遭许多麻烦。

在 if从句中可用 could have+过去分词代替 had been able to +动词原形：

If you could have made (=If you had been able to make) him change his mind, you would have saved him a lot of trouble.
如果你能够使他改变想法的话，你就可以让他省去很多麻烦了。

End

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