新概念英语第二册第69课【语法句型】

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Lesson 69 But not murder!

被动语态（6）

（1）在第10课、第21课、第34课、第45课与第58课的语法中，我们学习了被动语态的基本形式、它与情态助动词的连用、它在动词+宾语+不定式结构中的使用以及它在过去完成时中的使用：

Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 最近它被一个客人弄坏了。（一般过去时）
It was made in Germany in 1681.（第10课关键句型：一般过去时的被动语态）

Passing planes can be heard night and day. 过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。（与情态助动词连用）
I told you it could be done.（第21课关键句型：情态动词的被动语态）

Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.有一百多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去。（must与被动语态的完成式连用）
I can't find my bag. It must have been stolen.（第21课关键句型：must have done结构表示“对过去事情的推测）

The bicycle was being sent to his home by train.人们正用火车给他把自行车送回家。（被动语态用于过去进行时）
The man was being questioned by the police.（第34课关键句型）

He never expected the thief to be arrested.他从未指望那小偷能被逮着。（被动语态用于复合宾语的不定式结构中）
He never expected the bicycle to be found.（第34课关键句型）

The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。（用于过去完成时）
I found the parcel had been sent to the wrong address.（第45课关键句型）

（2）被动语态还可以用于介词+动名词结构中。介词（after, before, on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用 after+动名词的完成式表示第1个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或 before）+动名词结构； on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生：

The examiner has instructed me to drive out of town. I began to acquire confidence.

I have been instructed to drive out of town. I began to acquire confidence.

After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。
The man called the police after being robbed. 那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话。
He killed a child before being arrested. 他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子。
On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.
她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。

被动语态用于介词+动名词结构在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语中。

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