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新概念英语第二册第33课【课文讲解】2010-05-31 19:59:14 来源:世博英语
Lesson 33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗 Out of a) 表示 “从…里面出来”,与行为动词连用: The woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. b)离开;脱离 out of difficulties 摆脱困难, out of work/job 失业 darkness n. 黑暗 构词法:形容词(dark)+ 名词性后缀 (ness) 课文标题“out of the darkness”的反义词为“in the darkness”,意为“在黑暗中”。 例如: happiness, brightness, loneliness 1. Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. 差不多过了一个星期,那女孩子才能够解释所发生的事。 passed 是动词pass的过去时形式,表示 “走过,通过”: He passed my house this morning. 今天上午他经过了我的家门。 与past的区别:past不是动词,它可以用作介词、形容词、副词和名词: He walked past my house. (介词) 他路过了我的家门。 He told me about his past experience. (形容词) 他对我讲了他过去的经历。 He seems to live in the past. (名词) 他显得思想陈旧。 be able to & can can表示总的能力或客观存在的能力,而be able to 表示的是特定的、具体的能力,强调不仅具备了某种能力,而且还实际做到了(过去)或将会做到 (现在或将来)。因此要表达某一具体场合、情况下做某事的能力,或由于某人的能力或努力成功地做成了某一难做的事,用be able to, 而不用can/could。例如: He could walk forty miles a day in the past. 过去他一天能走四十里。(具备这种能力,但不一定实际去做。) He was able to walk forty miles a day last year. 去年他一天能走四十里。(不仅具有这种能力,而且实际做了。) 另外,can只有过去形式,be able to 则可以用于多种时态,并能与情态动词、某些系动词连用。因此常用be able to去表示can 所不能表示的时态概念。例如: We will be able to finish the work next month. 我们下月能完成这件工作。 You might be able to persuade him. 你也许能够说服他。 She seemed able to finish the work ahead of time. 她好像能提前完成这项工作。 一段时间 + before-从句 在这种句型中,before译为 “…才…”, 它所引导的从句不能位于句首。 We wait a long time before the train arrived. 我们等了好久,为车才来。 课文中的第一句话“Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.”,是个复合句,主句是“Nearly a week passed”,从句是“before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her”。 what had happened to her 也是从句,作explain的宾语, 也就是说它是个宾语从句。 在复合句中,我们强调的是主句“Nearly a week passed”。 2. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. 一天下午,她乘小船从海岸出发,遇上了风暴。 One 用在时间名词afternoon之前开始一个故事。 Set out=set off 出发 “遇上”的不同表达法:meet, be caught in, bump into/run into meet sb.是指“和某人见面、遇上某人”。比如: I’ll meet you tomorrow.我明天和你见面。 Be caught是catch的被动语态,表示“被抓住”的意思。Be caught in往往是指遇上“灾难、困难”。比如: I was caught in a snowstorm.我遇上了一场暴风雪。(直译的话为:我在一场暴风雪中被抓住了。) Bump into sb.和run into sb.都是指“偶然遇上、碰巧遇上某人的意思。比如: I never dreamed of bumping into you here.我做梦都没想到能在这儿碰到你。 …was caught in a storm catch在这里解释为 “突然遇上”, 3. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. 天将黑时,小船撞在了一块礁石上,姑娘跳进了海里。 Towards & To 这两个介词在表示方向时,都含有 “向”, “朝”的意思,通常可以通用。如: Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards / to a passing boat. 但towards可以表示时间,含义为 “接近” 或 “将近”,而 to 并无此含义 4. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. 她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。 Coast,Bank & Shore Coast ( the area where the land meets the sea.) 海岸,通常特指与海洋相接的整个一长条陆地;还常与地图、气候及海防有关 如:China has a very long coast. 中国的海岸很长。 Coast guard 海岸警卫队 Bank ( land along the side of a river or lake ) 河岸 如: Some children were playing games on the bank. Shore ( the usual word for the land at the edge of a sea or lake) 是这三个词中最普通的一个,可指湖、海等的岸:the western shore of the Pacific 太平洋西岸 5. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. 在那段时间里,她游了8英里。 cover 在这里解释为 “游过”,这个词我们在第5课当中已学过:the bird covered the distance in three minutes. 所以,不管是“游过”,还是“飞过”,还是“爬过”等等,都可以“cover”(覆盖)这个好词。 6. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. 第二天凌晨,她看到前方有灯光。 Next & Other Next 表示 “下一个的”、 “紧接着的”,常与following换用: We arrived in Paris on Tuesday evening. The next / following day we went sightseeing. Other 表示 “不久前的,以前的”,与定冠词连用;与the other构成的时间短语只能与过去时连用:I saw Mary the other day (= a few days ago). The other night / week Ahead 是副词,意思为 “在前面”,在这里作后置定语,修饰light. Go ahead of her.(走在她的前面。)是一种动态。而如果是静态的表示“在…之前”,我们就得使用in front of,比如:She sits in front of me.她坐在我前面。 ahead of time 事先 Can you tell me ahead of time if you’re coming? go ahead原本的意思是当人家向你问路的时候,如果只需往前走,你就可以告诉他(她):Go ahead!” 此外,口语中还可以表达“告诉某人他/她可以做某事”: “Can I have the sports section?” “Yeah, go ahead. I’ve read it.” “我能看体育栏目吗?” “你看吧,我已经读过了。” 7. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. 她知道自己已经接近岸边了,因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。 high up on the cliffs 作表语。high up 修饰介词短语on the cliffs。 8. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. 女孩一到达岸边,就朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。 “on + 动名词” 表示 “刚…就…” 的意思;动名词的逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致: On hearing the news, she fainted. (= When she heard the news, she faint ed.) On reaching the airport, the police surrounded the plane. (= As soon as the police reached the airport, they surrounded the plane.) 如果是两个不同的主语,则不能使用 “on + 动名词”的结构: As soon as they arrived home, it began to rain. (正确) On arriving the home, it began to rain. (错误,因为有两个主语:they和it) 9. That was all she remembered. 她所记得的就是这些。 all she remember 作表语;she remember是定语从句,修饰all, 关系代词that被省略了。定语从句修饰all, 其关系代词可省略。 10. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital. 第二天她醒来时,发现自己在医院里。 In hospital是表示“为了治病而在医院”,而in the hospital则只是表示人“在医院”,也许是去看望一个生病的朋友,也许是去找一个熟人等等。总之不会让人想到你“生病”了。而in hospital则明确的说明你已经生病了,在医院里治疗呐。 其实和school的用法是一致的,我们说“go to school”,就是指“去上学”。而go to hospital就是指“去看病”了。大家别理解为“去医院”。去医院应该是“go to the hospital”。去医院可不一定就去看病的。
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