新概念英语第二册第45课【课文讲解】

Kathy讲解

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Lesson 45 A clear conscience 问心无愧

clear在这里的含义为“清白的”、“无罪的”，因此这个短语又可译为“清白的良心”，相当于 a good conscience，反义词为 a bad conscience（感到内疚）。

Conscience是“良心，道德心”的意思。比如：

1. The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.
整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。

village在这里为总称，指“村民”，the whole village指“全村的人”，后面通常跟单数动词（有时也可视为复数）：
The whole village was excited by the news.
这消息使全村的人兴奋。

Learn这里不是“学习”的意思，而是“知道、获知”的含义。

I've just learnt that she was ill.
我刚刚得知她病了。

a large sum of money had been lost这里是过去完成的被动。主动语态应该是：
The whole village soon learnt that Sam Benton had lost a large sum of money.

2. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office.
当地的屠户萨姆·本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了。

这里的“taking his savings to the post office. ”是个现在分词结构。我们以前和大家讲过当两个动作是一个主语时，其中一个可以用现在分词或是过去分词来代替，从而省略一个主语，使得句子更加精练。比如课文的这句话原来应该是：
Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while he was taking his savings to the post office.

再比如：

When she heard the news, she got a shock当她听到这个消息时，大吃了一惊。
我们可以用现在分词改为：
When hearing the news, she got a shock.

同样，来看看过去分词的情况：
When he was asked his opinion, Mr. Smith remained silent.当有人征求Smith先生的意思时，他就保持沉默。
我们可以改为：
When asked his opinion, Mr. Smith remained silent.

(上面这种实际上就是我们在新概念第三单元就要具体讲的复合句)

3. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him.
萨姆确信那钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了，可是却不见有人来送还给他。

“must have been found”这个结构我们要提醒大家两点：
（1）must在这里表示推测，由于是对过去的推测，因此must之后的动词要用完成形式：
When I arrived, he wasn't here. He must have left early.
我到这儿的时候他已不在了。他一定早走了。

（2）have been found是完成时的被动。比如：
The chair has been repaired.椅子已经被修好了。

4. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door.
3个月过去了，后来在一天早晨，萨姆在自己的大门外发现了他的钱包。

5. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: ‘A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief!’
钱包是用报纸包着的，里面有他丢失的钱的一半，而且还附着一张纸条，上面写着：“一个小偷，是的，但只是一个50％的小偷！”

wrap up表示用纸或布等等把某样东西安全地包起来。
I haven't even wrapped my presents up yet!
我还没把礼品包起来呢。

我们既可以说 half the money，也可以说 half of the money，它们可以互相替代，但是money前都必须有the，因为是指特定的钱。再如：

Half the bread/ half of the bread was bad.

这面包有一半已变质了。

6. Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: ‘Only 25 per cent a thief now!’
又过了两个月，又有一些钱送还给了萨姆，又附了一张字条：“这回只是 25％的小偷了！”

7. In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. The last note said: ‘I am 100 per cent honest now!’
很快，萨姆全部的钱都用同样的方式还了回来。最后的那张字条上写道：“我现在是一个100％的诚实人了！”

In time:需要我们记住两个意思：
（1）及时。来看对话：
Did you catch the plane? 你们赶上飞机了吗？
Yes, we got there just in time.是的，我们及时的到了那里。
（2）过了一段时间。比如：
Don’t worry. I’m sure things will get better in time.别担心，我相信过段时间事情就会好的。

【特殊难点】
pay back的用法：
（1）偿还：
All Sam's money was paid back in this way.
萨姆全部的钱都用这样的方式还了回来。
Yesterday Sam borrowed some money from me and said that he would pay me back in a week.
昨天萨姆从我这里借了些钱，并说一周后还我。

（2）报答；向……报复：
You've been very kind to me. How can I pay you back?
你对我太好了。我如何报答你呢？
He embarrassed me at the party. I'll pay him back someday.
在晚会上他让我难堪了。总有一天我会报复他的。

1．steal与rob

steal指“偷盗”、“窃取”，其行为通常是偷偷地、悄悄地、不为别人所发觉；rob则指“抢夺”、“抢劫”，其行为通常是明目张胆的：

The man who stole my wallet took my address book as well.

偷走我钱包的那个人把我的通讯录也拿走了。

I lost my address book when that man robbed me of my bag.

当那人抢走我的包时，我的通讯录也没了。

Someone has stolen my bag from me.

有人把我的包偷走了。

They took the risk of being arrested and robbed the bank.

他们冒着被逮捕的危险抢劫了那家银行。

注意 steal和 rob与介词的不同搭配：

steal sth from sb. / somewhere

A thief broke into the building last night and stole some money from the safe.

Rob sb of sth

Two thieves attacked him last night and robbed him of all his money.

本课所要掌握的词组

1. a clear conscience
2. wrap up in
3. together with
4. in time
5. pay back
6. in this way

The End

“世博英语新概念第二册讲座”由世博英语（http://www.360abc.com）制作，未经书面授权，任何转载、抄袭、盗版行为都是违法的。