新概念英语第二册第47课【语法句型】

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Key structures 关键句型

复习第36－45课的关键句型

She is going to swim across the Channel tomorrow. (KS36)(第36课)
将来时的表达法：
be going to；will/shall；intend to；mean to
I intend to write to him.=I am going to write to him.
She means to ask for an explanation.

条件句的主句不能用be going to，只能用will。比如：
You will enjoy yourself if you travel by sea.

Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. (第37课)
将来完成时表示“到将来某个时刻已经完成的动作”。
将来完成时“一定”要有时间参考。
常用的时间参考形式有：
a）in＋一段时间：表示在多少时间之后，比如：in a month’s time
b）this time＋确切的时间：this time tomorrow（明天这个时候）
c）by＋确切的时间：表示“在某个时间之前，相当于before。by next Friday下个星期五之前

He acted as if he had never lived in England before. (第38课)
before用于过去完成时。
before和ago的区别。
no sooner...than...和hardly...when...
He had no sooner returned than he bought the house and went to live there.
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.

He said that… He told me… He asked…(第39课)
间接疑问句：whether和if引导。
一般疑问句：if/whether+句子陈述语序
特殊疑问句：if/whether+特殊疑问词＋句子陈述语序

If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner.(第40课)
非真实对的条件句：if从句过去式，表示一种虚拟语气。主句是过去将来时。
真实条件句：if从句一般时，主句将来时。
You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.

Must, Have to and Need.(第41课)
must表示“必须”做某事。
have to是表示“不得不”做某事。
must be结构表示一种推测。He must be a fool.
must have done结构表示“对过去事情的推测”。
Mary's score on the test is the highest in her class.She must have studied very hard.

need:
1.实义动词。表示“需要”。
He needs a car.
He doesn't need a car.
Does he need a car?
2.Needn't否定形式做情态动词。表示“不必要、没必要”。
mustn't进行区别。mustn't表示“不应该”。
We mustn't buy things we don't need.【经典的句子】

You needn't be so rude about it.你说话没必要这样不客气。
needn't have done表示“没必要做已经做过的事情”。
You needn't have waited for me.
You need't have said that.你没必要这么说。

Have.(第42课)
“have+名词”的结构可以用来代替普通动词：
have a walk=walk
have a talk=talk
have a drink=drink
have a look=look

Can and Be able to.(第43课)
都可以表示“能够”做某事。但是be able to更加强调一种“个人能力”，包括智力、体力、技能方面。
can表示的能力可以是没有做过的事情。而be able to所说的“能够、能力”是实践过的，其实也就是一种所谓“个人能力”的表现。
be able to有比can更多、更灵活的时态运用。
要表示一个动作已经成功的在过去完成的时候，我们必须使用was able to，而不能使用could。
He didn’t agree with me at first but I was able to persuade him.
他开始不同意我的观点，但我最终说服了他。

A large sum of money had been lost.(第45课)
过去完成时的被动形式：had been done.

Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
用正确的动词填空：

1 By the end of next year they ______ (finish) work on the new stadium.

2 If you ______ (break) this window, you would have to pay for it.

3 He would enjoy the concert if he ______ (be) present.

4 If you ______(can) help me, I would be grateful.

Supply mustn't or needn't in these sentences:
用mustn't或needn't 填空：

1 I ______ go to bed late tonight. I have to get up early tomorrow.

2 You ______ finish your soup if you don't like it.

End

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