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英语短文精读【28】法国人的家庭 Family in France

2010-04-11 20:38:11 来源:世博英语
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【开篇小问】

在法国人心目中,最重要的是:
a. society
b. community
c. family
d. themselves

答案:c.

法国人的家庭

In France, daily social relations are always dominated(支配、统治) by family ties(纽带). The family has been the focus of the individual(个体)'s loyalty(忠诚、忠心) and affection(影响), of his economic interest, and even of his legal(法律上的) duty. Many an old Frenchman spent his youth(青春时代) in a world where he was expected to regard his cousin, uncle, and grandmother as more important to him than his friends of his own age.

在法国的日常生活中,家庭纽带主宰着社会关系。家庭不仅是一个人忠诚和情感的中心,而且也是经济利益和法律义务的集中点。许多年长的法国人是在这样一个环境下长大的:别人要求他们把尊老爱幼放在一个重要的位置,甚过对待他们同龄的朋友。

French family needs and demands were put before those of local(当地的) community or even those of the state(国家的): “I can't pay my taxes because I have a duty to support my uncle.” has been a common French attitude(态度).

法国人总把家庭的需求放在社区、甚至国家的前面。 “我不能交税,因为我得养活我叔叔。”这种态度在法国早已很普通了。

The main change since the war is that the focus of loyalty has been steadily(平稳地) narrowed(收缩) from “extended family” to the “nuclear family”. Many younger couples today prefer pleasure traveling with couples of friends to reunite(团聚) with big families at weekends or in August.

战后以来,法国人对家庭的忠诚焦点早已从相对的大家庭而稳步缩小,转向了小家庭。如今的许多年轻夫妇宁肯在周末或夏天和朋友去快乐地旅行,也不愿意回父母家中团聚。

【世博读书笔记】

1.短语many a

many和a连在一起使用,意思是“很多”。如:
We've been here many a time.
我们这儿已来过多次。
Many a great idea is brought forward in the meeting about the 2008 Olympic games.
在商议2008年奥运会的会议上,新点子层出不穷。

*注意:many a后面的名词,都用单数形式。

2.support

(1)表示“支持”,可以是身体上的支撑,也可以指精神上或财政上的支援,如:
The old man entered the room supported by his grandson.
老人由孙子扶着进了房间。
They supported the Democratic Party.
他们支持民主党。

(2)表示“抚养、赡养”,如:
He has a large family to support.
他要抚养一大家人。

【世博语法教室】

of+抽象名词

1.of+抽象名词=形容词。如:
a women of wealth/wisdom/courage=a wealthy/wise/courageous woman

*友情提示:
这两者在含义和用法上没有区别,选择哪一种说法,要看说话人的习惯。

2.be of+修饰语+抽象名词=be + 形容词。比如:

be of importance/help/use/significance=be important/helpful/useful/significant

这一结构可用于说明主语的性质,比如:
This question is of importance.(=This question is important.)

为了强调某种抽象的含义,“be of +修饰语+抽象名词”可以达到更好的效果。比如,要表达时间是“宝贵”的,(Each hour, each minute, each second is very valuable for us.)这样说效果更好:
Each hour, each minute, each second is of great value for us.
每小时、每分钟、每一秒对我们都很宝贵。

*友情提示:
常用于这一结构的修饰语还有little ,some ,any, no, not, much,常见的抽象名词有importance, value, use, help, benefit(利益、好处),significance(意义、重要性)。

3.当of后面的抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式时,为了表明主语的这类特征,只能用“be of+抽象名饲”的形式代替“be+形容词”结构。

这类名词包括size, weight, height, length, width, age ,opinion ,colour , price, kind, type, shape, way等。比如:
Coins may be of different sizes, weights, and shapes and of different metals.
钱币从大小、重量、形状到材质都各不相同。
Her eyes are of a dark gray color.
她的眼睛是深灰色的。

【世博资料库】

nuclear family(核心家庭)和extended family(大家庭)

nuclear family=a family consisting of mother, father and their children
extended family=all the people in a family including aunts, uncles, grandparents etc.

家庭主要是根据因结婚、生育或领养而形成或产生的关系所确定的。这些关系都由法律和风俗习惯加以规定。其基本关系是通过婚姻而形成的夫妇关系,以及存在于双亲(Parents),即父亲(father)和母亲(mother)及其子女(children),即儿子(sons)和女儿(daughters)之间的关系。双亲及其子女,有时叫作生物学家庭(biological family)或核心家庭(nuclear family)。扩大家庭(extended family)是更大的家庭单位,通常由数个核心家庭合成。
 
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